1.伦敦地铁久负盛名，因为它是世界上最古老且最复杂的地铁系统。

It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. (p50, L1-3)

(sentence-imitation )常熟素有鱼米之乡的美誉。

Changshu  _______   ________  _________ _________being the land of fish and rice.

Synonym(similar phrases):

2.但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界， 因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多建筑。

However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings. =if railways tracks had been built into the city, it would have damaged many old buildings. (P50, L4-6)

在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中

从句：If + 主语+had done

主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+have done

(sentence-imitation )如果你在上个学期用功一些， 你就会在考试中过关了。

If you _______ ________harder last term, you _______ ________ _______   the exam.

虚拟语气有时不一定同时出现在主句和从句中，根据需要，它有时会出现在主句或从句中。

(sentence-imitation )要不是你的帮助， 我是过不了这次考试的。

But for your help, I _______ ________ _______ the exam. (类似的词有without, or , otherwise)

3.马拉车、有轨电车、计程车和非机动车被用来将人们送往市中心及其周围一带。

Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriage were used to convey people to and around the city centre. (P50, L6-7)

(sentence-imitation )常熟内环高架快速路使人们上、下班便捷。

The elevated inner-ring road of Changshu can be used to_______  people to and from work.

4. 由于蒸汽发动机冒出来的烟， 早期的地铁线每隔一段距离就需要一个大洞通往地面，以便乘做地铁的人能呼吸到新鲜空气，不会窒息。

Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals, so that people could get fresh air and would not choke。 (P50, L23-25)