高一新生预习了——Unit1-12常用词语辨析
高一新生预习了——Unit1-12常用词语辨析高一新生预习了——Unit1-12常用词语辨析
高一(1——12)词语辨析
1.handsome 指男士的“俊美”,也指女士的体态美及物品的端庄、匀称与合乎比例。beautiful 指景物的“优美”或女人及小孩的“美丽”。pretty表示“美丽”,有娇嫩、端庄、迷人、小巧的含义。例如:
He is not handsome and his wife is not beautiful, either, but they have a pretty little daughter and a pretty car.. 虽然他不很英俊,他的妻子也不很漂亮,但他们有一个美丽的小女儿和一辆漂亮的小汽车。
2. argue, quarrel
argue指据理“争论”、“辩论”,强调用说理。quarrel指大声地甚至缺乏理智地“争论”、“争吵”。例如:
She argued with her brother about the plan for trip, but after a while they began to quarrel about the place they would travel to.她和她的弟弟争论旅行的计划,但过了一会儿,他们开始为将要去旅行的地点而争吵。
3. in order to , so as to
in order to表示“为了”、“以便”,只引导目的状语,可以置于句首或句末。so as to只能置于句末,可以与in order to互换,但表示“以致于”,即引导结果状语时,则不能互换。例如:
I got up early this morning so as to/in order to catch the early train. 为了赶早车,今天早晨我起床很早。(目的)
She’s afraid of making any noise so as to wake up the baby.她怕发出响声弄醒孩子。(结果)
4. admit, allow, let
admit指“允许进入”某一场所。allow表示“允许”,含有“容忍”或“克制”的意思,常跟名词或动名词作宾语,不定式作宾语补足语时,要带to。let表示“允许”或“让”,主要用于口语,含有“不阻止”的意思,常要求跟复合宾语,作宾补的不定式省略to。例如:
She let me open the door, admitted my friend into the house and allowed smoking in the living-room.. 她让我打开门,允许我的朋友进入屋里,还准许在客厅里吸烟。
5. should do, should have done
should do指现在或将来“应该做某事”。should have done sth.指“过去应该做某事而没有做某事”。例如:
“You should hand in your homework now.” “Sorry. I should have finished my homework last night, but I didn’t.” “你现在该交作业了。”“对不起。我本应昨晚完成的,但我没有。”
6. be into, be interested in
be into意为“被深深迷住”主要用于口语中。be interested in意为“对……有兴趣”,是比较正式和常用的说法,一般可与be into替换。例如:
The boy used not to be interested in his lessons because he was into the game on the computer and. 那孩子过去对功课不感兴趣,因为他深深地迷上了电脑游戏。
7. too much, much too
much too意为“太……”,相当于very的意义。too much 意为“太多”,若修饰可数名词,则用too many。例如:
Now too many people become much too fat, for they eat too much.现在有太多的人变得太肥胖,因为他们吃得太多。
8. alone lone, lonely
alone只表示“单独无伴”,不表示心理上的“孤独”,只能作表语或状语,不能作定语。lone也表示“单独无伴”,只用作定语形容词。lonely表示心理上的“孤独”或地点的“荒凉”。例如:
He lived alone on a lonely island as a lone man, but he didn’t feel lonely. 作为一个独身男子,他在一个孤岛上独自生活了十年,但他并不感到孤独。
9. think of, think about
think about表示“考虑”、“思考”,着重“想”的过程,一般可与think of互换,但“想”的内容比较详细。think of 除了表示“考虑”、“思考”、“认为”、“想某人谋事”外, 还表示“想一下”、“想起”的意思,着重“想”的结果。think about不能表示后一个意思。例如:
We should think about/of the problem. 我们应该考虑这个问题。
I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字。
10. even if, even though
表示“即使”、“尽管”,两者可互换,但even if强调从句含有较强的假设性,even though侧重对从句的内容作基本的肯定。例如:
Even if he is a millionaire, he is unable to buy everything. 即使他是个百万富翁,他也无法买到所有的东西。
Even though he is a millionaire, he is unable to buy everything. 尽管他是个百万富翁,他也无法买到所有的东西。
11. care about & care for
表示“喜欢”、“关心”、“照顾”时,care about与care for的意思相同,可相互换用。但示“在意“、”计较”时,只用care about;表示客气的邀请或建议(= would like to)时,只用care for。例如:
She always cares for/about her students. 她总是关心她的学生。
Would you care for some orange? 你想不想要喝点橘子水?
12. error, mistake, fault
error 指无意识地偏离正确的行为、主张或信念而做了错事, 或产生了“偏差”、“错误”。Mistake也指因粗心或理解不正确而造成行动上的“错误”,可与error互换。Fault指性格上的弱点和不足,即小“毛病”、小“错误”。例如:
I know my brother has a fault of carelessness — he often wears my shoes by mistake/error. 我知道我的弟弟有个粗心的毛病 — 他常常错穿我的鞋子。
13. total, all, whole
total着重数量和程度上的“全部的”,强调精确;whole表示“全部的”,强调整体的完整无缺,要置于the, that, any, one’s 等之后,通常只修饰单单数可数名词。All表示“全部的”,强调由各个部分组成的整体,要置于the, that, any, one’s等之前,可以修饰单数或复数可数名词,也可以与不可数名词连用。例如:
She spent all her money on all the books on the bookshelf, the total number of which was 120. She planned to spend a whole year reading them. 她花了全部的钱买了书架上全部的书,书的总数是120册,她计划用整整一年的时间来阅读。
14.a number of, the number of
a number of 意为“许多的”;the number of 意为“……的数目”。例如
The number of the guests invited was 200, but a number of them didn’t attend the party. 被邀请的客人人数是200,但其中许多人没有出席那个宴会。
15. forget, forget about, forget to do, forget doing
forget用作及物动词,表示“忘记”,指无法记忆起某事、某物或某人。Forget to do指“忘记”将要做的事,forget指“忘记”已经做过的事。Forget about指某事、某物或某人并不是真正从记忆中已经消失,即“忘记”了,而是没有将之放在心上,给疏忽了。例如:
The funny computer game made Jimmy forget about his lessons. His mother told him not to forget to work hard at his lesson and she forgot saying so to Jimmy too many times. 有趣的电脑游戏使吉米不把功课放在心上,他母亲叫他别忘记努力学习功课,她忘记她已经对吉米这样说的次数太多了。
16.end in, end (up) with
end in意为“以……告终”、“以……结局”,强调结果。End (up) with意为“以……结束”,强调方式。例如:
His speech ended (up) with a word — “The enemy''''''''s plot ended in a fiasco”. 他的演讲以“敌人的阴谋以可耻的失败告终”而结束。
17.speak, say, talk
speak着重“说”的动作或语言。say着重于“说”的内容。talk指随便的“交谈”或“漫谈”。例如:
Mary says that she can speak Chinese and talk with her Chinese friends in Chinese even though they speak quickly. 玛丽说她能够说汉语,能够用汉语与她的中国朋交谈,即使他们说话很快。
18.come about, happen, take place, go on
四词都可表示“发生”,均为不及物动词。come about指日常生活中“发生”的事情。happen指未预料到的偶然性的“发生”。take place指经过努力或筹划后的“发生”,没有“偶然”的含义。go on表示“偶尔发生”,常用于进行时。例如:
— What is going on outside? 外面在发生什么事?
— Oh, Bush is quarreling about money with his wife in the street.哦,布什与他的太太为钱的事在大街上争吵。
— What has happened to them? 他们发生了什么事?
— I don’t know. I only know the quarrel between the couple often comes about and few changes have taken place in their family. 不知道。我只知道那对夫妇常常发生争吵,他们家没有发生什么变化。
19.means, way, method
表示“方法”,means着重于具体的手段,常与介词by搭配。way指一般的方式方法或个人的特殊方式方法,与技巧或效果的好坏无关,常与介词in搭配。method指有系统的有效率的精心拟定的方法。例如:
We must help him by all possible means.我们必须想尽一切办法来帮助他。
I worked out this problem in this way. 我用这种方法算出了这道题。
The scientist is showing the method of scientific farming to the peasants.那位科学家正在向农民示范科学种田的方法。
20.separate, divide, share
separate指“分隔”、“隔开”;divide指“划分”、“分割”;share指“分享”、“均分”。例如:
She separated the big apples from the small ones, and then she divided the biggest one in half. She shared it with his husband.她把大苹果与小苹果分隔开来,然后把一个最大的苹果分成两半。她与丈夫分享了这个苹果。
21.instead, instead of, take one’s place
instead为副词,表示“代替”、“相反”的意思,往往不译出。instead of 为复合介词,后跟名词、代词、动名词、不定式或介词短语作宾语,意为“代替”、“而不是”。take one’s place (或take the place of),表示“代替”,为动词短语。例如:
We didn’t come by bus; we came on foot, instead. =We came on foot instead of by bus. 我们不是搭车来的,我们是步行来的。
The village leader asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr. Gao’s place until he comes back.村长请魏敏芝在高老师回来之前代课。
22.yet, still, already?
yet意为“已经”,用于否定句和疑问句;若表示“还没有”、“仍然”,则用于肯定句。 already用于肯定句,意为“已经”;用于疑问句,表示惊讶或希望得到肯定回答。Still通常用于肯定句,表示“还”、“仍然”;若用于否定句或疑问句,则表示惊讶和不满。例如:
The plane has already taken off. 飞机已经起飞了。
Is he here yet? 他已经来了吗?
Is it time for the plane to take off already? 已经到了飞机起飞的时间吗?(希望得到肯定回答或表示惊讶)
The plane has not taken off yet.飞机还没有起飞。
You were still/yet a child.你那时还是个小孩。
The plane still has not taken off. (不满)
Has the plane still not taken off? (惊讶)
23.unless, if…not
表示“除非……”、“如果不……”时,unless与if…not一般可相互转换。但,if…not为虚拟条件句或if…not重叠使用时,不能用unless转换。例如:
I won’t go to see him if he does not come first. = I won’t go to see him unless he comes first. 如果他不先来,我就不会去看他。
I would not have made such good progress if it had not been for you. 要不是因为你的话,我不会取得这样大的进步。
You won’t pass the exam if you do not work hard and if you do not listen to the teacher.如果你学习不努力,不听老师的话,你考试就会不及格。
24. see sb. off, see sb. out
see sb. off意为“为某人送行”(到车站、机场等);see sb. out 意为“送某人”到门口或屋外。例如:
I’ll go to the airport to see off my girl friend and her mother.我将去机场为我的女友和她的母亲送行。
He saw me out and then said “Goodbye”. 他送我到门口然后道别。
25. combine, join, connect, unite
表示“连接”,combine指原来性质或成分不同的的东西合并成一体,“合并”、“联合”。join指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接“连接”起来,使其结合在一起,成为较大的集体或物体,关系较connect密切。connect表示“连接”、“结合”,指两者相互连接,但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态,强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。unite指两者或两者以上的紧密结合,强调结合后的一致性和统一性,与独立性相对而言,因此,又译成“统一”、“联合”、“团结”。例如:
Can you combine water with oil? 你能把水与油融合起来吗
The army led by Zhu De and the one led by Mao Zhedong joined forces at Mount Jinggang.朱毛领导的军队在井冈山会师。
This flight connects with Chongching one.这班飞机在重庆可接上另一班机。
Qin Shihuang united seven states in 221 B.C.秦始皇于公元前221年统一七国。
26. so that, so…that
so that引导目的状语从句,常与may, can, should等情态动词连用,意为“是为了”、“以便”;引导结果状语从句,常与过去时连用,意为“致使”、“因此”。so…that只引导结果状语从句,意为“那样……以致于……”,so通常置于形容词或副词前,如果在名词前,so要改为such。例如:
They started early so that they could get there in time.他们动身早是为了及时赶到那里。
We started early so that we got there in time.=We started so early that we got there in time.我们动身得早,因此及时赶到了那里。
27.as well as, as well
表示 “也”、“还”,as well用于肯定句,置于句末,作句子的状语;as well as用作连词,连接两个主语时,谓语与前一个主语一致。例如:
He studies hard and he likes playing football as well. 他学习努力,也喜欢踢足球。
The teacher as well as the students is going to buy this book.不但学生们,而且连老师也打算买这本书。
28.beat, hit, strike, knock
beat指连续地“打”或痛打。hit 表示“敲打”、“擦”,可与strike替换,但侧重“击中或碰撞”。strike指突然间急促或用力地“打”、“打击”、“擦划”。Knock指伴有响声地“敲打”或“打翻”。例如:
The boy who was beaten black and blue hit a rabbit with a stone.被打得青一块紫一块的那个孩子用石头打中了一只野兔。
Smith struck a match to light the fire and was to strike iron when he heard someone knock at the door. 史密斯划燃一根火柴点燃炉火纯正要打铁的时候,他突然听见有人敲门。
29.opportunity, chance, occasion
opportunity指良好的“机会”;chance指碰运气的偶然性的“机会”;occasion指重大或重要时刻的良好“机会”,即“时机”。例如:
The new factory offered a good employment opportunity for a lot of people. 新的工厂为多人提供了很好的就业机会。
It''''''''s the chance of his lifetime. 这是他一生中难得再遇到的机会。
The peasants seized the April occasion to plant rice seedlings农民抓住四月的好时机插秧。
30. catch, seize, grasp
三词都可表示“抓”。catch指通过侦察、追踪等,以突然袭击的方式把某人或某物“抓获”。seize 指突然用力地“抓住”或“夺取”,也可指“抓住”时间、机会等抽象的事物。表示用手或爪紧紧抓住。例如:
The thief was caught by a policeman, who seized him by the hair, when he was stealing.小偷行窃时被一个警察抓获,警察抓住他的头发。
He grasped a small tree in the flood.在洪水中他紧紧抓住一棵小树。