短文改错最具有选拔性
短文改错题型主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。
短文改错是对考生写作能力的测试，是测试书面表达能力的一种较客观的方式。短文改错主要检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力，以考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。文章中的错误主要是词语、语法、篇章结构和行文逻辑等方面的错误。这些错误往往需要在不同程度上借助语境进行判断，它不仅要求考生掌握好一定的词汇、语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理能力。它不是单纯的知识检测，而是在改错和书写的过程中，在语篇和上下文理解中运用语言知识去解决实际的语言问题。短文改错，至今在高考中已沿用整14年，其优点表现在：它是集多项语法规则和多种语言技能于一身的综合性试题。这种题型避免了主观题评分中经常出现的误差，成功地做到了主观题评分客观化，具有较高的区分度，有利于选拔人才。短文改错是每年高考英语试题中全国平均得分最低的题型，也就是说，是最具有选拔性的试题。
短文改错应试要点：
粗看全文，不要一上来就改动。
一行看三行，就某一行做判断时，要顾及上下两行或整句。
一行想全文，单句中合理还不够，要全文合理。
一行只能动一个词。
别忘了在错词下画线。
多词处要在原文中划掉此词，在抄完此词后也用斜线划掉。
弄清句子结构有利于判断。
如感觉一行有两处错，应将最有把握处改正。
复核，做完题重看全文。
短文改错备考措施：
(1)平时学习时注意语言知识的准确性。
(2)常用词语的使用应合乎规范。
(3)训练自己的观察能力，发现细微差错。
(4)改错与写作密不可分，写作时练习不断纠错。
(5)不花过多时间练改错。
(6)总复习开始不练改错，应多接触正面东西，最好在后期练习。
练习与解析
短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
(1)
The English Corner in Zhongshan Park is the place where 1. ________
people go to practise their spoken English there. Every Sunday 2. ________
afternoon they gather around, talk to each other in English. 3. ________
Among them have students, teachers, doctors, and so on. 4. ________
I first went to an English Corner when I was in Junior 5. ________
Grade Two. I went there every Sunday and chat with some 6. ________
people in English. In the past three years I have never absent. 7. ________
I’m sure I’ve made some progress in my listening or speaking. 8. ________
And we have made many friends there. The English Corner is 9. ________
a really good place. I hope many friends will join us. 10.________
(2)
Scientists around the world have been studying the warm 1. ______
of waters in the Pacific Ocean being known as EL Nino. The 2. ______
appearance of EL Nino is knowing to affect weather around 3. ______
world. Now scientists still do not completely understand 4. ______
them. Yet they find they can use it to tell the future in 5. ______
different area in the world. The scientists write about 6. ______
their recent work in the magazine Nature. Their computer 7. ______
program can hardly tell when an EL Nino will appear. They 8. ______
suggest that this could provide for an effective early warning 9. ______
system and could prevent much of the disasters from happening. 10. ______
(3)
Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first, I was 1.______
unable to control its direction. Sometimes I fall to 2.______
the right or to the left. I worried to ask my father 3.______
impatiently how I could ride straight, so he didn't 4.______
answer me directly. Instead, he took me to side of the 5.______
street. “Can you find any bike track is really straight?” 6.______
asked my father. I watched more carefully and shook my 7.______
head. “No,” he said, “in fact, neither of the tracks is 8.______
always straight. But just by correct the direction 9.______
every now and then, you had already gone forward” 10.______
(4)
It was very fine while I got up early last Sunday morning. 1._____
So I decided to go for a walk and took some photos in the 2._____
beautiful country. After breakfast, I carried my camera with 3._____
me and set off. Everything went smooth. I enjoyed my trip 4._____
so much that I didn't realize the weather had been turned 5._____
bad. I began to run and it was too late. I was caught 6._____
by the rain and was wet through. I kept on running until 7._____
I get to a bus stop. I stood there waiting a long time for the bus 8._____
shivering(颤抖) with cold. Shortly before I got home, I 9._____
had high fever, which made me stay in bed for a whole week! 10._____
(5)
Ethan Canine is a master of two jobs, all of which take special skills.1. _______
First, Ethan is a doctor.He helps people who have been broken 2. _______
bones, bad cuts, or the other kinds of wounds.When he gets a day 3. _______
off from his work as a doctor, Ethan turns to his another job. 4. _______
He writes stories.His first book of stories won prize for the 5. ______
best book by a first-time author.Do the job sometimes get 6. _______
in the way of each other?“Not at all,” Ethan says.“In fact, being 7. _______
a doctor help my writing.I get to know all kinds of people. 8. _______
Instead, I can’t hide myself in my room and write down ideas 9. _______
for the rest of my life.I also need to be able to help ill people.” 10. _______
(6)
I have a friend who has been there for us 1._____
for a long time. She is always here to 2._____
cheer me when I am feeling down. She has 3._____
problems of herself own and when she's not 4._____
felt right, I hold on to her as tight as I 5._____
can do. We have known each other for years. 6._____
She is smart, loving and caring. When I look at 7._____
her I always wonder if I will never have a friend 8._____
that he can treat me better than her. Her name is 9._____
Alisha. I don't even know what I'd do with her, my 10._____
best friend.
(7)
Time is valuable but limit. There’s a famous saying, 1. _______
“Time is money”, this shows the importance of time. When 2. _______
time has gone, it will never return back. 3. _______
It is a pity when many people make poor use of time. They 4. _______
spend precious time oversleeping, drinking and traveling. 5. _______
They don’t realize wasting time is equal to wasting parts of their life. 6. _______
They always regret having made a little achievement so far. 7. _______
Therefore, we should form the habit of value time. Do not 8. _______
put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Laziness 9. _______
will not only bring us failure, but also lead us on the road 10. _______
of poverty and even death.
答案
(1)
1. √ 2. English there→English 3. talk→talking 4. have→are 5. an→the 6. chat→chatted 7. never→never been 8. or→and 9. we→I 10. many→more
3. 此处的talking表伴随，意思是他们聚集在一起，用英语交谈。
4. among them放在句首，句子倒装，真正的主语是students, teachers, doctors and so on ____ among them。所以非常明显的谓语动词用be动词。
6. and前后时态一致。went和chatted相对应。
7. absent为形容词，缺be动词，又因为前面是have所以加been。
10. 此处意为“我希望越来越多的朋友会加入我们。”所以改为比较级。
(2)
1.warm→warmth 2. being known→known 3. knowing→known 4. world→the world
5. them→it 6. area→areas 7.√ 8. can hardly→can 9. for→with
10. much→many
1. the和of中间明显缺名词，而warm的名词形式为warmth。
3. 是被人知道所以用known。
6. 不同的地区，所以地区应为复数。
8. 从后文中可知此处为电脑能知道El Nino什么时候来临。所以把hardly去掉。
10. disaster可数，所以用many修饰。
(3)
1.√ 2. fall→fell 3. worried→was worried 4. so→but 5. side→the side
6. is→that is或去掉is 7. more carefully→carefully 8. neither→none
9. correct→correcting 10. had→have
2. 本文的时态为过去时，所以fall应改为fell。
4. 本处是明显的转折，但是他没有直接回答我。
6. find +名词+形容词做宾补，而不是接一句话，所以把is去掉；或把bike track当作定语从句的先行词，加that做定语从句的主语。
8. 因为是多条，所以用none，不用neither。
9. by为介词，后接doing。
(4)
1. while→when 2. took→take 3. √ 4. smooth→smoothly 5. had been---had
6. and→but 7. by→in 8. get→got 9. before→after 10. high→a high
1. while后面的动词应为延续性的，而此处get up为点动作，所以把while改为when。when后面的动词可以是点动作，也可以是延续性动作。
2. 此处and前后一致。decided to go and decided to take
5. turn为系动词，没有被动语态。
7. be caught in the rain被雨淋了，是固定搭配
9. 在回家后不久，就发烧了，所以把before改为after。
(5)
1. all→both 2. have been→have 3. the other→other
4. another→second (other可接受) 5. prize→a prize 6. job→jobs 7. √
8. help→helps 9. Instead→Besides(Also可接受) 10. ill→sick
1. 因为是两个工作，所以把all改为both。
4. another指三者或三者以上的任何一个，而此处是两个，所以改为other或second。
5. prize为可数名词，所以要加a。
8. being a doctor为非谓语动词，并且非谓语动词做主语，谓语动词用单数。
10. ill当生病解时，不能做定语，但sick可以。
(6)
1. us→me 2. here→there 3. 在when前加上up 4. herself→her 5. felt→feeling
6. 去掉do 7. √ 8. never→ever 9. 去掉he 10. with→without
3. cheer sb. up为某人加油，鼓劲，是固定搭配。
4. of one’s own属于某人自己的，也是固定搭配。
6. as+形容词/副词原形+as one can为尽某人所能
9. 该句为定语从句，a friend已经提前做主语了，所以he要省去。
10. 本句的意思是我不知道没有他，我会怎么样。所以把with改为without。
(7)
1. limit→limited 2. this→which 3. return→turn或back 4. when→that
5. spend后加their 6. parts→part 7. 去掉a 8. value→valuing 9. √
10. on→to
2. 非限制性定语从句，逗号后用which不用that。
3. 有return就不用back。
4. 此处that many people make poor use of time是主语，而it为形式主语。
8. of为介词，后接doing，此处valuing time意为“珍惜时间”。
10. lead…to…为固定搭配，导致……
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