作者：郝昌明
做好高考英语听力题既需要考生有较好的听力,又需要考生有较强的阅读理解能力。本文谈谈高考英语听力热点题型及应对策略。
一、直接听答法巧解细节判断题
高考英语听力题中约一半试题直接考查对时间、地点、内容、原因、数目、人物身份和人物关系等细节性知识听力判断的能力。考生应细听听力录音,并根据录音内容直接答题,此时应特别注重听关键词句并利用关键词句答题。
题例:(NMET2003·1):
听力录音:
M: Excuse me, but it\'s a bit hot in here. Is it OK if I open the window?
W: Fine with me, I feel a little too hot.
听力试题:
What is the man going to do?
A. Open the window.
B. Find another room.
C. Go out with the woman.
析:答案为A。听力录音中的\"Is it OK if I open the window?\"表明此人准备打开窗户。
二、主题分析法巧解归纳综合题
主题就是文章的主旨大意,就是全文的中心思想和精神实质,文意的延伸、情节的发展都是在主题句的引导下进行的,也就是说主题起着统领全文的作用。可见利用主题分析法可对听力录音进行整体理解并巧解听力试题。
题例:(NMET2003·10~12)
听力录音:
M: Hello, Mrs. Smith. I\'m from the Daily Mirror. And I\'m doing a report on public opinion about the city bus service. So what do you think of the bus service?
W: The bus service? Actually, I don\'t use it that often unless I have to go shopping.
M: What... how could the bus service be improved?
W: Well they... could turn up on time. I mean you look at the timetable and you think, oh, well, five minutes to wait and it turns out to be an hour.
M: Do any other people in your family use the bus service?
W: My husband. He uses it more often. But, fortunately, a girl who works in his office often gives him a lift to work, but when he does need to use it he\'s often angry at it. Once he waited up to fifty minutes at the station for a bus. So I think there should be some way of warning people when a bus is not going to arrive and certainly much more frequent bus services.
听力试题:
10. What exactly does the man want to find out?
A. What people think of the bus service.
B. How many people are using the bus service.
C. Which group of people use the bus service most often.
析:答案为A。认真听完录音可知,该段对话主要讲述男主人公向女主人公了解其所在地汽车服务情况,女主人公告诉他当地汽车经常误点,其丈夫只好搭乘女同事的汽车上班,这就是该段对话的主题。根据这一主题,男主人公想要了解的是人们对当地的公共汽车服务情况有什么看法。
11. What does the woman say about the bus service?
A. The distance between bus stops is too long.
B. The bus timetables are full of mistakes.
C. Buses are often not on time.
析:答案为C。根据本文主题,女主人公认为当地汽车经常误点。
12. Why does the woman say her husband is fortunate?
A. He often goes to work in a friend\'s car.
B. He doesn\'t need to go shopping by bus.
C. He lives close to the bus station.
析:答案为A。由主题内容可知,女主人公的丈夫为避免汽车误点影响准点上班,经常乘坐女同事的汽车。
三、背景综合分析法巧解深层理解题
不少听力题的所用信息委婉含蓄,理解层次深,涉及面广,仅通过听关键词句或片段信息难以满足解题的需要,此时应深层次、全方位分析材料背景,从而成功解出相关试题。
题例1: (NMET2002北京·4):
听力录音:
M: How are you getting to the airport?
W: Well, I haven\'t really got any choice. I have to take the bus. My car is at the garage getting repaired and the taxi is just too expensive.
听力试题:
What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi.
B. The woman is asking the man for help.
C. The woman\'s car has broken down.
析:答案为C。不少考生认为由听力内容\"and the taxi is just too expensive\"可排除A。根据\"How are you getting to the airport?\"所提供的信息,他们认为答案应选B。其实认真分析对话背景可知,即使\"How are you getting to the airport?\"表请求帮忙,也是男主人公请女主人公帮忙,而不是女主人公请男主人公帮忙,因此B肯定为错误选项。认真分析听力试题\"What can we learn from the conversation?\"可知,原题问我们从对话中得出什么结论,此时我们不一定非得答我们要用什么具体交通工具或没有具体交通工具要请人帮忙。听力内容\"I have to take the bus.\"明确表明所乘交通工具为公共汽车,这也证明B是错误的,因为有公共汽车乘就不需要人帮忙。听力内容\"My car is at the garage getting repaired and the taxi is just too expensive.\"表明,C为正确答案。
题例2:(NMET2002北京·20)
听力录音:
I taught in Tokyo, Japan, and I thought I had prepared myself pretty well before with the necessary travel books and my helpful Japanese-Canadian roommate. I was really excited about teaching because it was my first paying job. I began each class by introducing myself. I could see the excitement in my students\' faces as they have a real American girl. Their warm welcome made me feel comfortable, and so I let them ask me some questions. To my surprise, I was asked questions like \"How old are you\", \"Are you married\", \"Why aren\'t you married\", \"Why did you come to Japan\". I was really surprised. I couldn\'t believe that the students could ask such personal questions and expect honest answers. After this happened in several classes, I stopped giving the students chances to ask me these questions. I later found out that these questions are acceptable in Japan, and this is not information that is considered too personal. Once I realized that the students didn\'t mean to be impolite and actually cared about me, I feltmuch more comfortable about my first experiences.
听力试题:
How did she feel about the students\' questions?
A. She felt angry. B. She was moved. C. She felt uncomfortable.
析:答案为C。认真听完这段听力材料可知,这位美籍教师对日本学生所问个人隐私问题产生的反应,在录音材料中有如下表所示的描绘性内容,代表着特定的心理反应。
不少考生可能会误选A,因为他们把\"我\"十分意外、难以置信和拒绝学生提问的心理反应看成生气的表现。还有不少考生可能会误选B,因为他们把\"我\" 十分意外、难以置信和拒绝学生提问的心理反应转化为心情更加舒畅的心理反应,并认为这是\"我\"被感动的结果。
本题所问的是美籍教师对日本学生所提问题的个人感受,并不是问她后来怎么看待日本学生所提个人隐私问题。尽管当她后来认识到日本学生问这些隐私问题在本国可以接受时心情舒畅起来,但毕竟刚开始时心情不是很舒服的,故答案应为C。
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