作者：籍万杰 王玉成
综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的重点,每年一般有7-8个小题涉及动词的各种用法。其中动词的时态又是考查的重中之重,每年一般有2-3道小题考查时态的正确使用。然而,英语时态多达16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题,这样无形中增加了试题的难度,使得一些考生\"谈时态题色变\",总感觉时态题不可捉摸,无规律可寻。要做好动词时态题,除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外,平时还要注意将动词放在具体的语言环境中学习和运用。本文拟结合高考试题,对高考时态题的命题角度做一剖析,并提出相应的应对策略,以帮助同学们走近高考时态题,揭开其神秘面纱。
一、 根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态
[原题再现]
① At this time tomorrow ________ over the Atlantic.
A. we\'re going to fly B. we\'ll be flying
C. we\'ll fly D. we\'re to fly
--此题的时间标志词是at this time tomorrow, 表示\"在明天这时发生的事\",要与将来进行时连用。答案为B。
② - ________ David and Vicky ________ married?
-For about three years.
A. How long were; being B. How long have; got
C. How long have; been D. How long did; get
根据时间状语for about three years,可确定应使用现在完成时。在完成时态中,非延续性动词如go, get, leave, come等不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,所以选项B不正确。答案为C。
③ By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing.
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
by the end of last year是过去完成时的时间状语,表示到过去的某个时候之前已经完成的动作。答案为D。
④ The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
根据时间状语when he saw it,并结合语境,这句话的意思是:记者说当他看见不明飞行物时,它正自东向西飞行。所以选择过去进行时。答案为A。
[命题角度]
动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。
[应对策略]
敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。
二、根据固定搭配选择时态
[原题再现]
① He _____to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.
A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get
D. had no sooner got
no sooner...than是一固定搭配,意思是\"一......就......\",从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。相同意思的结构还有hardly(scarcely) ... when...。答案为D。
② We were swimming in the lake ________ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
be doing...when...是一个固定句式,意思是\"正在......,这时(发生了另一件事)\",主句中使用过去进行时,从句中使用一般过去时;另外也可使用be about to do...when句式,意思是\"正要做......,这时......\"。答案为A。
[命题角度]
单纯考查固定搭配的时态题不多,但要防备命题者将其放在其它语法项目中综合考查。
[应对策略]
在马上进入的高三第一轮复习中,同学们一定要夯实基础知识,熟记教材中出现的各种习惯搭配,这不仅有助于解答单项填空题,而且对于解答完形填空和短文改错题也有帮助,还能在书面表达中增色不少。
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