作者：刘升
动名词是高考重要考点之一,而有关动名词的试题往往是围绕着动名词的变式:动名词的否定式、动名词的完成式、动名词的被动式和动名词的复合结构展开的。我们对于这些动名词的变式必须明察秋毫,还它们以本来面目,还要注意动名词各种变式所具有的不同特点,然后才能做到无往而不胜。下面我们先来看一下高考有关动名词的试题:
一、高考题例与解析
1. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
2. -I must apologize for ________ ahead of time.
-That\'s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
3. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
-Well, now I regret ________ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
4. One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
解析: 1. 此题考查动名词的复合结构one\'s doing。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语时,可以用普通格代替所有格。第1题选C。2. 动名词的否定式是not doing..., 注意not必须放在动名词的前面,第2题选B。3. regret,remember,regret后面既可以接动词不定式to do,也可以接动名词doing,但是两者意思不一样。加to do表示\"将要去做\",而实际上却还没有做过,而加doing则表示\"已经做过\",表明这个动作已经完成。having done相当于doing,第3题选D。现在看来,当年出题时欠考虑,regret后面用动词不定式的完成式也可以表示动作的完成,因此选项C也是正确的。4. 第4题选B,表示两个动名词的并列,前面是making,后面就用correcting。
二、有关动名词各种形式的注意点
1. 动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如:
I appreciate talking with such people. 我喜欢与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
2. 动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。例如:
I don\'t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.谢谢你费力帮忙。
3. 动名词的否定式常把not放在动名词的前面。例如:
His not being able to pass the exam made the teacher unhappy. 他不能通过考试使老师非常生气。
4. 动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者时,动名词用被动式。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在其前发生。例如:
I don\'t like being laughed at in public. 我不喜欢在公共场合被别人嘲笑。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例如:
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得奖牌。
(3)某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示动作的完成,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种习惯。例如:
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don\'t remember ever meeting you somewhere. 我记不得曾经在什么地方见过你。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给我们这么大的帮助。
(4)多数情况下,应避免使用动名词被动语态的完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。例如:
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我忘了别人曾领我来过这个动物园。
(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。例如:
She is afraid of being shown to strangers. 她怕被介绍给陌生人。
动名词单项填空专练
作者：文玉荣
1. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to have invented
B. inventing
C. to invent
D. having invented
2. Would you mind ________ your radio a little, please?
A. turn off B. turning off
C. to turn down D. turning down
3. People couldn\'t help ________ the foolish emperor in the procession.
A. laugh at B. to laugh at
C. laughing at D. laughing on
4. This sentence needs ________ .
A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved
5. -What do you think of the book?
-Oh, excellent. It\'s worth ________ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
6. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
7._______late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
8. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
9. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, any state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
10. We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn\'t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
11.Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
12. Friendship is like money: easier made than________ .
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
13. I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
14. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
15. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
16. With a lot of difficult problems ________ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
17. After much ________,the shop owner agreed to cut down the price by 20%.
A. debating B. talking C. discussing D. bargaining
18.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
-The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
19. I\'m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
20. -The light in the office is still on.
-Oh, I forgot ________ .
A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off
key: 1-5 ADCCC 6-10 CADAC 11-15 BABAA 16-20 CDBBC
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