供稿人：山东 邵立华
地 址：山东宁阳第二中学（磁窑）高中英语教研室（06届高三英语备课组）
邮 编：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 机：13853891798
【说明】本节主要介绍过去分词的用法，后面配有三种练习题（一是能力提高练习、二是过去分词迁移应用精练（高考预测）、三是填空题）
非谓语是高中语法中的重点和难点项目，也是高考的重点、必考点，过去分词是考查热点之一。
一、过去分词作状语（考查较多）
①、弄清过去分此作状语的最基本特点，过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。
例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
导悟：written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。
再如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
提醒：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿意离开它。
②、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语，过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
例-1：____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A. Believed B.Believing C.Believed D.Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
例-2：He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother\'s illness.
导悟：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
例-3：Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
导悟：given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一小时。
例-4：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
导悟：seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。
提醒：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
如：The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
导悟：the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句的主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。
③、过去分词作状语的由来，过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
例-1：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. （表原因）因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
导悟：caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.
例-2：Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. （表时间）
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
例-3：Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.（表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句） 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。
例-4：Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=Though they had been warned….) （表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句）
例-5： Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. （表方式或伴随情况）
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
特别提醒-1：状语从句改为过去分次有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋过去分词”结构。
Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
特别提醒-2：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。
例如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。
特别提醒-3：确过去分词作状语的位置。
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
如；He stood there silently , moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
特别提醒-4：熟悉与高考链接情况，明确高考考查重点。
二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语多为人。
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.
提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。
如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态）
The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作)
特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
三、过去分词作宾补
过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补助语的过去分词一般都完成是及物动词，表示被动意义或已意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
例-1： My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.
例-2：They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役动词）
例-3：We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词）
例-3：After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.
例-4：You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表状态的动词）
例-5：The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
如：*I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
*I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window.
*——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
特别提醒-1： 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语。
▲主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。
have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：The radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她请人修的收音机坏了。
▲表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。
We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week.
▲ 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。
Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon（台风）.
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
特别提醒-2：当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。
如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
四、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)。
例-1：My parents are both retired teachers.
例-2：We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
例-3：As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must
be established in every town ____50 households or more.
A.having B. to have C.to have had D.having had
导悟：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。
例-4：Most of the students invited to the garden party(=who were invited
to the garden party) came from our school.
例-5：The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：
boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
五、高考链接： 看一看高考是怎样考的？
1. _____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（05江苏卷）
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
3. When _______ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“It’s kind of you.” （05福建卷）
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
4．______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
5．You should understand the traffic rule by now. You\'ve had it_______ often enough. （05天津卷）
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
6．The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (05北京卷)
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
7．The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well_______.（05湖北卷）
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
8．The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷)
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
9.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国卷III）
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
10.Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. （04全国卷II）
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
■一、能力提高练习：
1.When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.
A. worn B. wearing C. dressed D. putting on
2.The author gave a detailed description _______on his personal observation of nature．
A.based B.to base C.to be based D. basing
3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by
4.These students are quick at learning． We’ll have them in new methods．
A.train B.training C.trained D.to train
5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played
11. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. Through the examination one of the boys in the class was found _______ by a(an)______ disease.
A. infecting; knowing B. infected; unknown
C. to be infected; to be known D. be infected; unknown
15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
17. We\'re _________ to listen to her ________ voice. It\'s _________ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
18. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _______ on bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry Porrer.
A. lying; fixing B. lay; fixed C. sitting; to fix D. seated; fixed
19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
20. An ________and _______ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited; happy B. exciting; happy C. exciting; happily D. excitedly; happily
keys: 1---5 C A B C A 6---10 A D D C A 11—15 D B D B A 16---20 B B B B A
供稿人：山东 邵立华
地 址：山东宁阳第二中学（磁窑）高中英语教研室（06届高三英语备课组）
邮 编：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 机：13853891798
■二、过去分词迁移应用精练（高考仿真训练）
1．People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
A. puzzled B. delighted C. puzzling D. delighting
2．And there , almost _______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost
3. As the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _______.
A. to be done B. doing C. to keep D. kept
4. _______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
A. Being settled B. Settled C. Having settled D. Settling
5. The girl is _______ to be a good dancer if she well trained in an art school.
A. gifted and promised B. gifted and promising
C. gifting and promising D. gift and promised
6.You see this kind of products _______, wherever you go in the city.
A. advertised B. being advertising C. advertising D. having advertised
7. The traffic problem, which we are expecting _______ , should have attracted the local government’s attention.
A. seeing to solve B. to see to solve C. to see solved D. seeing solving
8. _______ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _______.
A. Though warned; to talk with B. Having warned; talked about
C. Warned; to talk to D. to warn; talking with
9. _______ , these letters were difficult for me to read.
A. To write in German B. Written in the German language
C. Having been written with German D. Being written in German
10.This noon my boss replied _______ the invitation ______ before he went home.
A. on; receiving B. to; received C. on; accepted D. to; accepting
11._______ one of the leading poets in America today, Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays.
A. Considering being B. Considered
C. Having considered as D. To consider
12.--- Are all the names of your class _______ here?
--- Yes, all _______ those who are absent.
A. listed; included B. listing; includes
C. listed; including D. being listed; being included
13.The power station keeps the villages _______ with electricity.
A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied
14. The dog, ________, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly B. being trained properly
C. properly to train D. trained properly
15．It was getting dark; I found a car _______ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
16. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _______ and blood _______ down from his mouth.
A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run
17. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _______ on the screen.
A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing
18. --- Did you get a dictionary?
--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.
A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left
19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied
20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard
21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared
22. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.
A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send
23.Turning around, she found his eyes _______ upon her with an anger expression.
A. Fixing B. fixed C. to fix D. were fixing
24.In recent years, a series of landmark buildings _______ by international architects have been set up in Shanghai.
A. to be designed B. designed C. designing D. having designed
25．_____ as the \"first lady of speech\", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. Knowing B. Having known C. Known D. To be known
26．Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting
C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted
28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken
29. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.
A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting
C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting
30.With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling ; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried
迁移应用精练答案及简析：
1．答案：A.。be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、为难。句意：人们不得不感到迷惑，因为他们简直不能理解，他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。
2．答案：D。lost in结构（be lost in去be）作方式状语。
3. 答案：D。与上文并列用过去分词，如：It’s easier said than done.。
4. 答案：B。Settled作状语，表伴随。
5. 答案：B。本句用and连接并列成分，gifted作表语表示“聪慧的”，promise作并列谓语动词表示“有希望”。
6.答案：A。用过去分词表被动。
7. 答案：C。考查过去分词作宾补。从语境看本句的正常语序是：we are expecting to see the traffic problem solved，是see sth. done结构。
8. 答案：C。考查过去分词作状语。
9. 答案：B。过去分词表原因，现在分词的被动语态强调动作正在进行（还原为从句后是进行时态），不合题意。
10. 答案：B。reply to sth.表示“对……作出答复”，第二空用过去分词作定语。
11.答案：B。本句表示他被认为是，要用过去分词，后接(to be)+n./adj.作补助语，即considered(to be) one of the poets。
12.答案：C。考查非谓语。第一空用list（列名单）的被动语态，第二空用including作介词表示“包括”。
13.答案：A。考查非谓语的正确使用。Keep sth. done表被动含义。
14. 答案：D。过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。
15．答案：B . 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
16. 答案：B . 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。
17. 答案：C. 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。
18. 答案：C。18. tried to后省去了get one。
19. 答案：D。由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。
20. 答案：B。
21. 答案：C。由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
22.答案：D。此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。
23.答案：B。
24.答案：B。过去分词作定语，表一个被动的，已经完成的动作，相当于定语从句。
25．答案为C。该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语Dr, Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于As he is known as ...引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。解答该题的关键在于根据句意，准确判断选项动词在句中所作成分。
26．答案B。根据句意可知，选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系，实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is taken...结构，故应选taken在句中用作状语。解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。
27. 答案：D。before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。
28. 答案：B。feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”
29. 答案：D。when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相当于which lights up...。
30.答案：B。
供稿人：山东 邵立华
地 址：山东宁阳第二中学（磁窑）高中英语教研室（06届高三英语备课组）
邮 编：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 机：13853891798
■三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The _______situation of the chess game really ________ every member in the game-watching room.
(confuse)
2.________( determine) to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “ _______(want) an English teacher for a twelve-year-old boy. ”
3.With his finger_______(point) to the ________(break) window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”
4. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _______(lie) on the ground on the way home , but unfortunately for me , I found my colour TV set _______(steal) when I got home .
5. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care of in the nursery
6.Though _______(lack) money, he managed to have his own company _______ (start).
7.________(accuse) of taking bribes, he was sentenced to death.
8. She felt rather that she heard such a news. (delight)
9.Jack’s umbrella requires _______, but he didn’t get it soon enough at John’s, for John had a lot of umbrellas______ at the time. (repair)
10. _______ (remind) of the matter many times, Tom was still _________(puzzle) about it.
填空答案：
1.confusing; confused
2.Determined; Wanted
3.pointing; broken
4. lying ; stolen
5. looking ; taken
6.lacking; started
7.Accused
8.delighted; delighting
9. repairing; repaired, to repair
10.Reminded; puzzled
供稿人：山东 邵立华
地 址：山东宁阳第二中学（磁窑）高中英语教研室（06届高三英语备课组）
邮 编：271411 e-mail: g3yy@163.com / g3yy@yahoo.com.cn
手 机：13853891798
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